01973nas a2200217   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002653002800043653001800071653002300089653003600112653002700148653001700175100001700192700001800209700001900227245015800246300001000404490000700414520133400421       2021                            d10aCritical Infrastructure10aCybersecurity10aessential services10ainterorganizational cooperation10aoperational technology10asupply chain1 aTania Wallis1 aChris Johnson1 aMohamed Khamis00aInterorganizational Cooperation in Supply Chain Cybersecurity: A Cross-Industry Study  of the Effectiveness of the UK Implementation of the NIS Directive  a36-680 v483 a<p>The transposition of the EU Directive on Network and Information Security (NIS) by EU Member States involved assigning a set of responsibilities to operators, regulators and policy makers within a national cybersecurity strategy, in order to improve cybersecurity levels across critical infrastructures. This research investigates the perspectives and experiences of organisations affected by the NIS Directive focussing on three different sectors (Energy, Water &amp;amp; Aviation). The authors evaluate the response of different actors to NIS interventions and their challenges in meeting their assigned responsibilities, in particular their ability to oversee supply chain cybersecurity. It proposes further support for partnerships and cooperation across organisations to increase the effectiveness of NIS implementation. Based on results from semi-structured interviews and observations of industry working groups, an approach to supply chain oversight to achieve a balance between control and cooperation is recommended, to improve cybersecurity within industry sectors and across critical national infrastructures. Although our initial focus has been on working mainly with UK stakeholders, we argue that our recommendations have a more general application beyond those countries directly affected by the Directive.</p>