01418nas a2200217   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002260001600043653000800059653001300067653002400080653001300104653001400117653001300131653001300144100001300157245013000170300001000300490000700310520088300317       2021                            d  cWinter 202110aBIN10aCOVID-1910aintelligence reform10amilitary10aOrde Baru10apandemic10aSoeharto1 aMufti A.00aIndonesian Intelligence Reform: Recent Challenges and Opportunities for Encouraging Democratic  and Professional Intelligence  a75-900 v203 a<p>This article describes the dynamics of Indonesia’s intelligence reform from combatant intelligence posture during the post-independence revolution of 1945 to the authoritarian state intelligence under the New Order regime after 1965, and to the era of intelligence reform after the 1998 reformation movement. Recently, the challenges for Indonesian intelligence institutions have shifted from the need for legislation and political policies to the need for a democratic intelligence posture and the ability to face emerging security threats. Another challenge is the sectoral rivalry between the military, police, and strategic intelligence services, all of which are oriented towards internal security threats and domestic intelligence operations. Domestic threats form a contested operational domain, a ‘grey’ zones of defense, security, and intelligence threats.</p>