The technological changes directly influence human values, way of life, communication, education, new digital competencies, economic productivity, social rights, privacy, access to information, and more. Understanding and describing these effects is key for understanding the new digital social reality and determining possibilities, challenges, and threats of the fourth industrial revolution. The prerequisites of this study are the objective monitoring of the state of social and labour relations in Ukraine and other countries, the analysis of urgent issues of alternative employment, the global crisis and crisis of the human rights mechanism of social and labour relations, changes in the legal status and powers of trade union organizations. These institutions are intended to protect the interests of employees, to facilitate the ‘individualization’ of labour relations, and new forms to protect employees’ rights and interests.